Boston, MA - June 2: An archeological excavation at the Bunker Hill Monument on June 2, 2026. (Photo by David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)
BOSTON - Archaeologists digging beneath the grassy grounds of Boston’s Bunker Hill Monument have uncovered musket balls, gun flints and the remains of a Revolutionary War fortification, confirming the location of the earthen defenses hastily built before the pivotal Battle of Bunker Hill 250 years ago.
The backstory:
Rebels intended to hold off a possible British attack by fortifying Bunker Hill, a 110-foot-high (34-meter-high) slope in Charlestown across the Charles River from British-occupied Boston. But for reasons still unclear, they instead took a position on a smaller and more vulnerable ridge known as Breed’s Hill, where most of the fighting took place.
The battle ended with the rebels in retreat, but not before the British had sustained more than 1,000 casualties. Bunker Hill is often portrayed as an American victory, since the British failed to win decisively and it served to galvanize the colonies against the British.
Today, a 221-foot (67-meter) white obelisk atop Breed's Hill memorializes the battle.
On Wednesday, a church service in Charlestown will be followed by a procession that makes its way to the Bunker Hill Monument. A remembrance ceremony will be held there that includes a wreath-laying, moment of silence and musket firing demonstration. The dig also ends Wednesday.
Dig deeper:
At the dig site, Joel Bohy, a battlefield archaeologist who specializes in identifying American Revolution weaponry, marveled at what had been pulled from the dirt.
One volunteer held in her hand two jagged stones — the gray one was an English gun flint while a beige one was a French gun flint. When the trigger on the musket was pulled, flint struck the steel, producing sparks that ignited the gunpowder.
They also found eight marble-sized musket balls from both sides in the battle. The markings and shape of some bullets showed they had been fired from a distance but didn't hit anyone. If they had, the balls would have been deformed.
"You can see the ramrod mark from when the soldier rammed it down. You can the little ring on the top where it was pushed down," Bohy said, adding that "marks on the edge of the ball" show that it had been fired.
Using pick axes and shovels, more than 1,000 provincials and residents dug through the night to construct a ditch that was 3 feet (1 meter) deep and over 6 feet (2 meters) wide. They shoveled the soil in front of the ditch to make a 6-foot-high wall or parapet that reached 150 feet (46 meters) long on each of the four sides.
A map drawn by Henry Pelham two months after the battle showed a square redoubt on Breed's Hill. But it wasn't until the dig that anyone had confirmed the shape in the map was accurate. Previous digs in the 1990s had found items related to the battle and some evidence of the ditches.
Beyond locating the fort, the dig also provides visitors a chance to hold "a piece of the battle in their hand," Bohy said. "In a way, it makes the history more dimensional when you look at these objects from the battle itself."
Several tourists from Colorado stopped by to watch the dig. One visitor, Greg Nockleby, who had spent a week in Boston learning about American history, said watching the archaeologists at work was a "wonderful surprise."
"A live dig happening right now to uncover our nation’s history is amazing," he said. "To see that there has been people here who have died for our freedom and our nation is very immersive."
The Source: THe Associated Press contributed to this report. The story is based primarily on interviews and observations from an active archaeological dig at Boston’s Bunker Hill Monument. This story was reported from Los Angeles.